Lezione 4 · Canale 2 · martedì 20 ottobre 2026

Trasformata di Fourier: proprietà e coppie notevoli

FCI · Segnali

Formulario

Trasformata

X(f)=∫−∞+∞x(t) e−j2πftdtX(f)=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}x(t)\,e^{-\mathrm j2\pi ft}dt

Antitrasformata

x(t)=∫−∞+∞X(f) ej2πftdfx(t)=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}X(f)\,e^{\mathrm j2\pi ft}df

Linearità

FT{a x(t)+b y(t)}=a X(f)+b Y(f)\begin{gathered} \mathrm{FT}\{a\,x(t)+b\,y(t)\}\\ =a\,X(f)+b\,Y(f) \end{gathered}

Dualità

x(t)⟷X(f)⇒X(t)⟷x(−f)\begin{gathered} x(t)\longleftrightarrow X(f)\\ \Rightarrow X(t)\longleftrightarrow x(-f) \end{gathered}

Scalatura, α≠0\alpha\ne0

x(αt)⟷1∣α∣X(fα)\begin{gathered} x(\alpha t)\longleftrightarrow\\ \frac1{|\alpha|}X\Bigl(\frac f\alpha\Bigr) \end{gathered}

Rect larga TT

rect⁡(t/T)⟷Tsinc⁡(Tf)\begin{gathered} \operatorname{rect}(t/T)\longleftrightarrow\\ T\operatorname{sinc}(Tf) \end{gathered}

Traslazione nel tempo

x(t−t0)⟷X(f) e−j2πft0\begin{gathered} x(t-t_0)\longleftrightarrow\\ X(f)\,e^{-\mathrm j2\pi ft_0} \end{gathered}

Traslazione in frequenza

x(t) ej2πf0t⟷X(f−f0)\begin{gathered} x(t)\,e^{\mathrm j2\pi f_0t}\longleftrightarrow\\ X(f-f_0) \end{gathered}

Impulso e costante

δ(t)⟷1C⟷C δ(f)\begin{gathered} \delta(t)\longleftrightarrow1\\ C\longleftrightarrow C\,\delta(f) \end{gathered}

Impulso traslato

δ(t−t0)⟷e−j2πft0\begin{gathered} \delta(t-t_0)\longleftrightarrow\\ e^{-\mathrm j2\pi ft_0} \end{gathered}

Esponenziale complesso

ej2πf0t⟷δ(f−f0)\begin{gathered} e^{\mathrm j2\pi f_0t}\longleftrightarrow\\ \delta(f-f_0) \end{gathered}

Coseno

Acos⁡(2πf0t)⟷A2 δ(f−f0)+A2 δ(f+f0)\begin{aligned} A\cos(2\pi f_0t)&\longleftrightarrow\\ &\frac A2\,\delta(f-f_0)\\ &+\frac A2\,\delta(f+f_0) \end{aligned}

Seno

Asin⁡(2πf0t)⟷−jA2 δ(f−f0)+jA2 δ(f+f0)\begin{aligned} A\sin(2\pi f_0t)&\longleftrightarrow\\ &-\mathrm j\frac A2\,\delta(f-f_0)\\ &+\mathrm j\frac A2\,\delta(f+f_0) \end{aligned}

Segnale reale

X(f)=X∗(−f)X(f)=X^*(-f)

Reale e pari: X(f)X(f) reale e pari

Convoluzione e prodotto

x∗y⟷X Yx y⟷X∗Y\begin{gathered} x*y\longleftrightarrow X\,Y\\ x\,y\longleftrightarrow X*Y \end{gathered}

Triangolo

tri⁡(t)⟷sinc⁡2(f)sinc⁡2(t)⟷tri⁡(f)\begin{gathered} \operatorname{tri}(t)\longleftrightarrow\operatorname{sinc}^2(f)\\ \operatorname{sinc}^2(t)\longleftrightarrow\operatorname{tri}(f) \end{gathered}

Serie di Fourier, fn=nFf_n=nF

x(t)=∑nXn ej2πfntx(t)=\sum_nX_n\,e^{\mathrm j2\pi f_nt}

Coefficienti

Xn=1T∫−T/2T/2x(t) e−j2πfntdt\begin{aligned} X_n&=\frac1T\int_{-T/2}^{T/2}\\ &\quad x(t)\,e^{-\mathrm j2\pi f_nt}dt \end{aligned}

Segnale periodico

FT{x}=∑nXn δ(f−nF)\mathrm{FT}\{x\}=\sum_nX_n\,\delta(f-nF)

Treno di impulsi, F=1/TF=1/T

ΓT(t)=∑kδ(t−kT)Xn=FΓT(t)⟷F ΓF(f)\begin{gathered} \Gamma_T(t)=\sum_k\delta(t-kT)\\ X_n=F\\ \Gamma_T(t)\longleftrightarrow F\,\Gamma_F(f) \end{gathered}